Go to home page Historical Sunspot Drawing Resource Page:
20th Century Observers


Dr. Seth B. Nicholson at Mount Wilson


Adjacent links:
The Early Observers
19th Century Observers
General References
Title Page







J. F. Lanneau - 1903

North Carolina, United States.
Observations from ?
Number of drawings unknown.
Drawing example.
Ref.


Mount Wilson Observatory 150-Foot Solar Tower - 1917

Mt. Wilson California, United States.
Observations every clear day from January 4, 1917 to present.
25,500+ drawings by various observers.
12-inch aperture refractor, 150-foot focal length.
Observation method: direct objective projection, 17-inch image.
All original drawings on file in observatory archives, some scanned images are located here.
Current MWO sunspot drawing example.
Observer drawing examples: Ellerman, Nicholson, Dockman, Joy, Brackett, Humason, Benioff,
Hickox, Richardson, Hoge, Cragg, Adkins, Gregory, Padilla, Webster, Gilman, Shieber,
Ref.


William McKeon - 1919

Stonyhurst College Observatory, England.
Observations c.1919-1920.
Number of observations: ?
Observation method: Direct viewing with attenuated eyepiece?
Location of original drawings: ?
Drawing examples: 1, 2.
Ref.


National Astronomical Observatory - 1929

Mitaka near Tokyo, Japan.
Observations from January 1929 to March 1999.
203mm f/18 Zeiss refractor.
Observation method: Eyepiece projection method, 24cm image.
Drawings archived at Solar Activity World Data Center, Tokyo.
Drawing examples: 1, 2.
Observatory Website.
Ref.


Solar Observatory Einsteinturm, Postdam - 1942

Germany.
Observations from June 1942 to present.
8300+ drawings.
80mm f/24 refractor.
Observation method: eyepiece projection, 19.5cm image.
Drawings in observatory archives.
Drawing example.
Observatory Website.


Thomas A. Cragg - 1944

United States - Australia.
Observations from January 1944 to present.
16,000+ drawings.
Various reflecting telescopes all stopped down to 4.25 inches to retain original k-factor.
Observation method: attenuated eyepiece, drawn to 6.5-inch circle.
Drawing archive personally owned and maintained by Mr. Cragg.
Drawing examples from 1999: 1, 2.
Ref.


Hisako Koyama - 1944

Japan.
Observations from 1944 to 1984?
8,000+ drawings.
20cm refractor.
Observation method: eyepiece projection, 30cm image.
Drawings archived at National Science Museum of Tokyo?
Drawing example.
Ref.


Kandilli Observatory - 1946

Istanbul, Turkey.
Observations from August 1, 1946 to present.
11,870+ drawings.
200mm f/15mm Ziess equatorial refractor.
Eyepiece projection method, 25cm image.
Drawings in observatory archives.
Drawing examples: 1, 2.
Contact: Dr. Tamer Atac.
Ref.


Kanzelhöhe Solar Observatory - 1947

Austria.
Observations from 1947 to present. (Some available before 1947)
14,000+ drawings.
110mm, f/15 refractor.
Observation method: enlargement lens projection, 25cm image.
Drawings on file in the observatory archives will be available online next year.
Drawing example.
Kanzelhöhe Solar Observatory Website.


Yunnan Observatory - 1956

Yunnan, China.
Observations from 1956 to present?
130mm refractor.
Observation method: eyepiece projection, image 17.4cm.
Original drawings in observatory archives?
Drawing example.
Ref.


Manila Observatory - 1957

Philippines.
Observations from May 1957 to present?
100mm refractor.
Eyepiece projection method, 90mm image.
Drawings published monthly in: Solar Maps and Activity, Manila Observatory?


Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma - 1958

Rome, Italy
Observations from 1958 to present?
7,100+ drawings.
Drawing example.
Ref.


Beijing Astronomical Observatory (Purple Mountain) - 1965

China.
Observations c.1965 to present?
200mm, refractor.
Observation method: ?
Drawings in observatory archives?
Drawing example.
Ref.


NOAA/Space Environment Center - 1965

Boulder, Colorado, USA.
Observations from June 1965 to April 1994.
Between 8,000 to 9,000 drawings.
127mm f/15 refractor.
Observation method: Eyepiece projection to 18cm image.
Drawings in National Geophysical Data Center archives.
Drawing example.
Ref.


Diliman Astronomical Observatory - 1965

Philippines.
Observations from December 1965 to present?
15cm. f/17 refractor.
Eyepiece projection method, 20.3cm image.
Drawings in observatory archives?


National Observatory of Athens - 1965

Greece.
Observations from December 1965 to present?
100mm refractor.
Eyepiece projection method.
Drawings in National Observatory archives?


Slovak Central Observatory - 1966

Slovakia, Hurbanovo, Slovak Republic.
Observations from June 1966 to present. Technical pause from December 1987 to April 1989.
6070+ drawings.
120 mm f/15 refractor; 150mm f/15 Coude refractor from December 1974 to present.
Observation method: eyepiece projection to 25cm image.
Drawings in observatory archives.
Drawing example.
Contact: Ladislav Pastorek.


Lumping Observatory - 1967

Taiwan.
Observations from June 1967 to present?
Projection method.
Drawings observatory archives?


Antonio Sanchez-Ibarra - 1970

Mexico.
Observations from August of 1970 to 1983 - July 2, 1988 to September of 1999.
7,200 drawings.
60mm f/12 refractor and a Celestron C5 reflector.
Observation method: Eyepiece projection and TV monitor, image size 5cm and 18cm.
Drawings archived at the Sociedad Astronomica Orion, Nogales Sonora, Mexico and the Area de Astronomia/CIF-US, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo Sonora, Mexico.
Drawing example.
Contact: Antonio Sanchez-Ibarra.


Brian Halls - 1971

United Kingdom - the south coast of England.
Observations from 1971 to present.
2,100+ drawings.
60mm refractor.
Observation method: Eyepiece projection drawn to 15.2cm circle.
Drawing archive personally owned and maintained, drawings are archived with Worthing Astronomical Society.
Drawing example.
Brian's interesting drawing arrangement: Telescope - Drawing box detail.
Contact: Brian Halls.


Bob van Slooten - 1976

Netherlands
Observations from November 1976 to present.
5,000+ drawings.
90mm, f/14 refractor.
Observation method: Eyepiece projection to screen using an angle-prism, 15cm image.
Drawing archive personally owned and maintained.
Drawing example.
Mr. Van Slooten's Website.


Peter Meadows - 1977

England.
Observations from 1977-1985, 1990 to present.
2,500+ drawings.
80mm, f/11 refractor.
Observation method: Eyepiece projection drawn to 15.2cm circle.
Drawing archive personally owned and maintained.
Drawing example.
Mr. Meadow's excellent Website.


Javier Járboles Marañón - 1983

Zaragoza, Spain.
Observations from summer of 1983 to present.
3,800+ drawings.
Several telescopes used, currently a Zeiss 63mm f/13 refractor.
Observation method: Eyepiece projection drawn to 14cm circle, often with detailed drawings using his camara cónica obscura. (See references for a description.)
Drawing archive personally owned and maintained.
Drawing examples: Full disk - Detail - Fine detail- (very nice!)
Ref.


Ivan Glitsch - 1984

Wallisellen, Switzerland.
Observations 1984 to present.
3,000+ drawings.
Observation method: Eyepiece projection to 37 cm image, H-alpha drawings using Daystar 0.7Å filter
and photo negatives.
Drawing archive personally owned and maintained.
Drawing examples: Full disk - Detailed - Drawing key
Contact: Ivan Glitsch. Mr. Glitsch's Website.


Fumio Hayashi - 1986

Tokyo, Japan
Observations from March 26, 1986 to present.
2250+ drawings.
150mm f/15 refractor.
Observation method: Eyepiece projection to 20cm image.
Drawing archive personally owned and maintained.
Drawing example.
Contact: Fumio Hayashi.


Culgoora Solar Observatory - 1988

Australia.
Observations from January 1988 to present.
3,500+ drawings.
152mm refractor stopped down to 51mm, (f/45.)
Observation method: Eyepiece projection, 18.2cm image.
Drawings are archived at the observatory in Narrabri, New South Wales.
Contact: Observatory staff.
Culgoora Solar Observatory Website.


Observatory of Kysuce - 1991

Kysucke Nove Mesto, Slovakia.
Observations from January 1, 1991 to present.
2,400+ drawings.
200mm f/15 Ziess refractor.
Observation method: Eyepiece projection, 25 cm image.
Drawings are archived at the observatory.
Drawing example.
Contact: Jan Masiar.


Kaerrbo Observatory - 1991

Skultuna, Sweden.
Observations from 1991 to present.
1,000+ drawings.
100mm f/10 refractor.
Observation method: Eyepiece projection.
Drawing archive personally owned and maintained by Hans-Goran Lindberg.
Drawing example.
Observatory Website.


German Morales - 1991

Bolivia.
Observations from 1991 and 1993 to present.
1,000+ drawings.
200mm refractor stopped down to 90mm.
Observation method: Barlow projection, 14cm image.
Drawing archive personally owned and maintained.
Drawing example.
Mr. Morales' Website.


Brian Nilsson - 1991

Denmark.
Observations from March 26, 1991 to present.
96+ drawings.
16x50 binoculars and a Astro Travel 80 refractor.
Observation method: Direct, using attenuation at objective.
Drawing archive personally owned and maintained, sent to AAVSO.
Drawing examples: 1 - 2 - 3 Brian's telescope.
Contact: Brian Nilsson.


Jim Carlson - 1993

United States.
Observations from January 1993 to present.
1,400+ drawings.
Various reflecting telescopes.
Observation method: Direct, using attenuation at objective or eyepiece.
Drawing archive personally owned and maintained.
Drawing example.
Mr. Carlson's Website.


Jörgen Blom - 1993

Stockholm, Sweden.
Observations from 1993 to present.
450+ drawings.
60mm refractor f/15.
Observation methods: Eyepiece projection drawn to 8 cm circle from 1993 to 1998;
From 1999 to present, drawn to 14 cm circle and projection box.
Drawing archive personally owned and maintained.
Drawing examples: 1 - 2 Jörgen's telescope.
Contact: Jörgen Blom.


Yoshihito Sakai - 1994

Ogawa-village Astronomical Observatory, Japan.
Observations from August 1994 to August 1996 and 1999 to present.
276+ drawings.
150mm f/9 refractor.
Observation method: Eyepiece projection to 20cm image.
Drawings archived at the Ogawa Observatory.
Drawing example. View of observatory., view of telescope.
Contact: Yoshihito Sakai.


Robert Evans - 1994

New Zealand.
Observations from September 23, 1994 to present.
477+ drawings.
110mm f/15 refractor.
Observation method: Eyepiece projection.
Drawing archive personally owned and maintained.
Drawing example.
Contact: Robert Evans.


University of Hong Kong Astronomy Club - 1997

Hong Kong, China
Observations from 1997 to present.
1,000+ drawings.
75mm refractor.
Observation method: Eyepiece projection.
Drawing archive owned and maintained by the club.
Drawing example.
Astronomy Club Website.


Lieve Meeus - 2000

Erps-Kwerps, Belgium.
April, 1999 ongoing to present.
40+ drawings.
102mm f/6.5 Vixen apochromatic refractor.
Observation method: Direct viewing with AstroSolar filter and using ocular grid.
Drawings found at: Belgium Solar Observation Group
Her excellent drawing examples: 1 - 2 - 3


Gunther Groenez - 1999

Oudenaarde, Belgium.
Observations from 25th August, 1999.
166+ full disk drawings, 51+ detailed.
140mm f/5.7 Neo Achromat refractor.
Observation method: Direct viewing using Herschel wedge and filter, eyepiece projection, direct projection.
Drawings personally owned and maintained.
Drawing examples: 1 - 2 - 3 Gunther's telescope.
Gunther's Webpage.
Contact: Gunther Groenez.


Ben Pawlutschenko - 1999

Sydney, Australia.
December, 1999.
92+ drawings.
152mm f/10 Newtonian reflector.
Observation method: Direct viewing with objective filter, drawn onto a 94mm disk.
Drawings personally owned and maintained.
Drawing examples: 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 Ben's telescope.
Contact: Ben Pawlutschenko.


Frans Van Loo - 2000

Belgium.
April, 2000.
60+ drawings.
2000mm f/15 achromatic refractor.
Observation method: Eyepiece projection, direct projection; 480mm image.
Drawings found at: Belgium Solar Observation Group
Drawing examples: 1 - 2 - 3


150-Foot Solar Tower Home Page



Listing maintained by Larry S. Webster, who is solely responsible for its content.
Corrections and additions are encouraged!

Page last updated on January 30, 2001